我国工艺美术馆：零距离赏精微工艺｜观展
文博时空 作者 王琛 手工艺是咱们开始的日子美学创意，具有年月沉积后的深邃和奥秘，充溢质感和神韵之美。我国工艺美术馆根本陈设展“文脉华滋”，汇聚了玉雕、金属工艺、陶瓷、丝绸等许多工艺品类，姿势万千，珍宝如云。在这里，或许你能够放缓繁忙的脚步，感触独归于我国匠人的日子美学。
“合体”而成的美丽漆豆
“豆”是东周时期的首要食器之一，首要用于盛装肉酱和粮食，其上部为盘，下部为手持的柄。楚国漆器兴旺兴旺，高档品力求华美，彩绘成为装修的干流。楚漆豆最早发现于春秋中期偏晚的湖北当阳赵巷楚墓中，至战国时期楚式漆豆现已非常兴旺，出土数量仅次于漆耳杯。
2000年出土于荆州市天星观二号楚墓的凤鸟莲花豆，为战国时期的漆器。墓主人是楚国邸阳君潘成的夫人，而邸阳君潘成在其时但是仅次于楚王的高档贵族。
原文物在湖北省荆州市博物馆保藏，这款拷贝的凤鸟莲花豆由上部的莲花豆盘与下部的凤鸟底座组合而成，中心用鸟头型的构件以榫卯方法衔接并用生漆等粘合剂粘牢。盘身上雕琢了一圈共十四片精巧的仰瓣莲花浮雕，底座规划成凤鸟展翼腾飞的形状，通体则髹黑漆为地，用红、黄二色彩绘，绮丽又不失调和。凤鸟打开的双翅、翘起的尾翼平衡了器物的全体受力，而下部盘卷的蛇身则增大了底座的面积，加强了稳定性，阐明其时楚人已能较好地运用物理学中受力平衡原理。因为雕琢得非常精密，各部分拼接的严丝合缝，再加上表面描画了华美的装修斑纹，简直没人能看出这件器物是组合而成。
战国 凤鸟莲花豆 （拷贝品）
战国 凤鸟莲花豆 （拷贝品）
战国 凤鸟莲花豆 （拷贝品）
战国 凤鸟莲花豆 （拷贝品）
漆器在古代也是比较高档的“奢华品”。《韩非子•十过》中，韩非子借秦国官员由余与秦穆公的对话，劝诫秦始皇不能骄淫奢华，大意为：尧用陶器做日子用具，他的疆域南到交趾，北到幽都，东西抵达日月升落的当地，没有不屈服的。尧禅让全国，虞舜接受下来，所做的食具，都是采伐山上树木制造成的，削锯成器，修整痕迹，在上面涂上黑漆，送到宫里作为食器。诸侯以为太奢华，不屈服的方国有十三个。虞舜禅让全国，传给夏禹，夏禹所做的祭器，外面髹黑漆，里边以红漆绘画，缦帛做车垫，草席饰有斜纹边际，杯勺有斑纹，酒器有装修，这就愈加奢华了，而不屈服的方国有三十三个。
会跳舞、会敬酒、会祝寿的马儿长啥样？
唐代张说的《舞马千秋万岁乐府词》中有这样一句：“更有衔杯终宴曲，垂头掉尾醉如泥”。马何故衔杯、何故醉如泥？出土于陕西西安南郊何家村的鎏金舞马衔杯纹银壶告知你答案。
银壶正反面以模压方法各锤出一幅凸起的舞马，马儿口中衔有一只酒杯，其上扬的马尾和颈部飘动的绶带表现出十足的动感。望文生义，舞马便是会跳舞的马。以马为体裁的文物在全国并不稀有，但以舞马为体裁的却很罕见。
据《明皇杂录》记载：唐玄宗时，宫中养了好几百匹舞马，玄宗常常观看并亲身练习。每当八月五日玄宗生日（即千秋节）时，都会有舞马扮演助兴，此刻舞马披金戴银，在《倾杯乐》的乐曲中，翩然起舞。一曲完毕之后，舞马会衔着地上乘满酒的酒杯到皇帝面前祝寿。这便是“更有衔杯终宴曲，垂头掉尾醉如泥”的由来。
唐 鎏金舞马衔杯纹银壶（拷贝品）
三英战吕布：方寸间的疆场
在展厅的很多玉雕中，一个通体湛蓝的玉雕分外吸睛。据讲解员介绍，该质料为青金石，经过“丝绸之路”从阿富汗传入我国，在我国古代被称为璆琳、金精、瑾瑜，青黛等。《石雅》云：“青金石色相如天，或复金屑散乱，光芒灿烂，若众星丽于天也”。所以我国古代一般用青金石作为上天威严崇高的标志。因为青金石玉石“色相如天”，故不管朝珠或朝带，尤受重用。青金石也被阿拉伯国家视为“珍宝”。别的阿富汗也把它当作自己国家的“国石”。
著作全体布局明晰明晰，瓶口上部雕琢有城门以及曹操等人物，下部雕琢刘备、关羽、张飞与吕布激战的局面，人物描写生动天然，细节丰厚细腻，描绘了一场淋漓尽致的疆场激战场景。
玉雕 青金 三英战吕布 作者：王仲元
曲水流觞 睹器物之美
玉雕是我国最陈旧的雕琢种类之一。商周时期制玉成为一种专业，玉器成了礼仪用具和装修配件。玉雕工艺非常冗杂，包含选料、规划、粗雕、细雕、修整和抛光等工序。展品中有几件青铜酒器的玉雕拷贝品，工艺精巧，给人温润淡泊之感，极具观赏价值。
罍（léi）是一种大型青铜盛酒器，有方形和圆形之别，流行于商晚期至春秋中期。《诗经•卷耳》中“我姑酌彼金罍，维以不永怀”的“罍”，便是指此。
玉雕 白玉 圆罍|产地：北京
玉雕 白玉 圆罍 部分
玉雕 白玉 圆罍 部分
玉雕 白玉 圆罍 部分
玉雕 白玉 圆罍 部分
玉雕 翡翠 方罍|北京市玉器场制
精巧的贪吃纹与夔（kuí）龙纹
玉雕 翡翠 方罍 细节
玉雕 翡翠 方罍 细节
玉雕 翡翠 方罍 细节
卣（yǒu），一般用来盛“秬鬯（jù chàng）”这一祭祀用的香酒。秬是“黑黍”之义，鬯为一种香草，即郁金，姜科。《诗经•江汉》中有“釐（lài）尔圭瓒，秬鬯一卣”的诗句，意思是“赐你圭瓒以玉为柄，黑黍香酒再赐一卣。”展馆中的碧玉雕琢著作“提梁卣”，其器型拷贝的便是商代铜卣。
玉雕 碧玉 提梁卣|北京市玉器场制
玉雕 碧玉 提梁卣|北京市玉器场制
玉雕 碧玉 提梁卣 部分
玉雕 碧玉 提梁卣 部分
玉雕 碧玉 提梁卣 部分
盉（hé），古人谐和酒水的用具。展厅展出的玉雕著作“青玉兽面壶”，拷贝的正是西周时期青铜盉的款式，其主体的兽面纹饰，为庄严的著作增添了一分灵动生动。
玉雕 青玉 兽面壶|作者：刘忠荣
玉雕 青玉 兽面壶 部分
玉雕 青玉 兽面壶 部分
玉雕 青玉 兽面壶 部分
四大国宝 因材施艺
1989年，由60余位大师消耗8年汗水完结的四件翡翠巨著在京面世，被权威专家评定为“四大国宝”。翡翠山子《岱岳奇迹》取材自五岳之首的泰山，制造时因材施艺，正面翡翠色泽翠多而密，为泰山的阳面，雕琢得繁复而详尽；反面则呈深重的油青色，故而为泰山的阴面，雕琢也相对较为简练。山子反面右上侧边际有一块红棕色翡，艺术家们以俏色技法将其刻画为一轮红日，在山巅之间升起，隐现于云彩之间，是为点睛之笔。
翡翠山子《岱岳奇迹》主规划师：张志平
翡翠山子《岱岳奇迹》主规划师：张志平
翡翠山子《岱岳奇迹》红日
翡翠山子《岱岳奇迹》部分
翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》使用了玉器前史上最高难度的套料工艺，花熏的盖由主身中掏出的料制成，盖中的料则掏出来做了底足。因为中心掏空，内部的绿悉数显露，翡翠最美丽的色彩得以展现，整个花熏因此看起来碧绿晶亮，灿烂夺目。盖、身、底座部分以深浅浮雕的技法装修青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武图画，双耳、盖钮则以圆雕的技法雕琢了九龙。
翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》 主规划师：蔚长海
翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》部分
翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》部分
翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》部分
翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》部分
翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》部分
翡翠提梁花篮《群芳揽胜》质料不只体积小，并且质地和色泽是四块玉中较差的一块，为战胜质料天然的缺陷，艺术家们使用了掏膛技法，将整块翡翠掏成一个中空的花篮。从篮体中取出的玉料，被雕琢成牡丹、菊花、玉兰、月季等花卉，花朵与枝叶自在交叉，茂盛而自在舒展，保存、杰出了翡翠色泽美丽、质地好的部分，极富浪漫富丽的艺术气味。别的，用传统套环技法琢出的提梁以及两条各有32个环的链子，将著作的高度增加了近一倍，可谓“小料高文”，弥补了质料体积较小的缺憾。
翡翠提梁花篮《群芳揽胜》 主规划师：高祥
翡翠提梁花篮《群芳揽胜》部分
翡翠提梁花篮《群芳揽胜》部分
翡翠提梁花篮《群芳揽胜》提梁部分
翡翠提梁花篮《群芳揽胜》提梁部分
翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》作为现在世上最大的翡翠插屏，其质料的形状方正而规则，不只面积大，并且翠色多而密，色泽明显，质地光润、透亮。规划者将质料平剖为4片，每片厚度仅为1.8厘米。之后将这4片翡翠拼组成一块高74厘米，宽146厘米的大插屏，最大极限地展现翡翠晶亮剔透的质地。拼合后的翡翠不只平坦、谨慎，并且接缝处平直共同，没有一点点空隙。
艺术家们因材施艺，充分使用质料的天然色泽，在绿色部位规划为龙，以深浮雕的技法精心雕琢，杰出绿翠；在白、粉白、浅青色等部位则规划为云彩、水波纹，以浅浮雕的技法雕琢而成，以烘托龙的主题和绿翠。
翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》 主规划师：郭石林
翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》 部分
翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》 部分
翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》 部分
错彩镂金的齐天大圣
众所周知的四台甫著是艺术家发明时不会容易放过的选题。在展厅里，高举满意金箍棒的孙大圣似乎就在你眼前降妖除魔，一袭金色战袍赋予了他勇敢神武的形象，这还要归功于我国内行工艺中的珍宝——漆线雕。
漆线雕是线的艺术，好像书法，好像水墨，将金丝线的姿势弯曲改变，呈现出意想不到的美感。《波月洞悟空降妖》便是选用漆线雕工艺制造的，杰出了明显的铠甲、美丽的战袍和神情的人物形象，使得齐天大圣愈加威武传神、绘声绘色。作为闽南地区独有的传统工艺，漆线雕自唐代彩塑昌盛以来，便被应用于佛像装修，俗称“妆佛”，长期以来一向作为一种特别工作广泛撒播，以蔡氏漆线雕为代表的厦门漆线雕最为知名。
漆线雕 波月洞悟空降妖 作者：蔡水况
漆线雕 波月洞悟空降妖 作者：蔡水况
漆线雕 波月洞悟空降妖 作者：蔡水况
漆线雕 波月洞悟空降妖 作者：蔡水况
一针一线，尽得风流
“玉阶生白露，夜久侵罗袜。却下水晶帘，小巧望秋月。”李白的《玉阶怨》全诗不见一个“怨”字，却处处表现孤单清凄，不著怨意而怨意很深，表现出了诗家“不著一字，尽得风流”的真意。这样幽静的意境在湘绣著作《双面异绣·望月》中得到完美的展现，能够说是“一针一线，尽得风流”。
湘绣是我国四台甫绣之一，起源于湖南的民间刺绣，是吸取了苏绣和粤绣的长处而开展起来的，至今已有两千多年的前史。《双面异绣·望月》凭借湘绣的中心技艺之“双面异绣”奇妙表现出幽邃深远之美，正如《唐诗品汇》的点评：“矜丽素净，自是可人。”
双面异绣要求在一块通明刺绣底料的正反双面上，绣出形象、构图、针法彻底不同的两种物象，构成彻底不同的两个画面，发生感觉各异的两种意境。首要绣稿规划上，双面异绣要在通明的底料上施绣，因此要求外概括彻底符合，在相同的全体外形下规划不同的画面内容。这不只要使用透视学、解剖学、色彩学所供给的各种造型改变的可能性，还要不断测验针法、绣法的可行性。其次，精微的藏针隐线是双面异绣在刺绣技能上的发明点。双面形象各异，线条的改变，色彩的差异，在于分毫之间，稍有不妥则失之千里。
湘绣 双面异绣 望月 规划：黄淬峰 制造：王玉辉
湘绣 双面异绣 望月 规划：黄淬峰 制造：王玉辉
湘绣 双面异绣 望月 规划：黄淬峰 制造：王玉辉
湘绣 双面异绣 望月 规划：黄淬峰 制造：王玉辉
《求偶鸡》一鸣惊人
1955年，福建工艺美术大师陈敬祥从传统技法中，用自己立异的刀具，在20多公斤的高山石上，雕出鸡笼表里群鸡共乐的调和局面，此作初名《鸡笼罩》，1960年进京展现。著名画家华君武前来观看，见其笼内母鸡扑翅欲出，笼外公鸡跃跃求欢，便当场为其更名为《求偶鸡》，名震京城，一鸣惊人。有人将其赞为“一首石头诵读的《关雎》，用刻刀演奏的《梁祝》”。
这件著作最大的难度在于隔着鸡笼对笼内的鸡身进行雕琢，即镂雕。镂雕对石料的要求比较高，尤其是镂空的部分，寿山石质料性要细、要纯，尽量罕见裂纹和高密度的砂隔。镂雕考究雕琢次序，一般是“先外后内”，待外层景象、其他衬景等凿坯工序悉数完毕之后，再行镂空，以确保镂空出的石头不致崩裂。
寿山石雕 求偶鸡 作者：陈敬祥
寿山石雕 求偶鸡 部分
寿山石雕 求偶鸡 部分
寿山石雕 求偶鸡 部分
我国工艺美术馆展品包括玉雕、石雕、竹、木雕、牙角骨雕、织染绣、陶瓷、漆器漆艺、金属工艺、玻璃、唐卡及民族民间（归纳）11个类别。以下是更多展品：
“妇好”青铜鸮尊 拷贝件（商代）
楚式漆器 九连墩虎座鸟鼓架（拷贝件）
多宝嵌漆屏风 唐宫嬉乐图
多宝嵌漆屏风 唐宫嬉乐图 部分展现
玉雕 和田白玉 吉祥满意福寿薄胎链条瓶
玉雕 玛瑙 芦沟晓月
玉雕 翡翠 螭虎瓶
玉雕 白玉 浮屠炉
鸡血石雕 钱王功劳图
金属工艺 纯银錾刻 富有合座 满意罐
金属工艺 景泰蓝 孔雀屏灯
金属工艺 花丝镶嵌 芝兰文房宝车
金属工艺 K金摆件 春满人间
百宝嵌漆器 鸣喜图 地屏
织绣 盘金绣 百鹤向阳屏风
金木雕 一曲渔歌
竹编 苏武持节牧羊
牙雕 双凤向阳花舫
织绣 抽纱 孔雀羽织金装花纱龙袍面料
织绣 湘绣 龙腾盛世 屏风
织绣 湘绣 龙腾盛世 屏风 部分
瓷塑 十二金钗
瓷塑 十二金钗
瓷塑 十二金钗
玉雕 白玉 五行塔
玉雕 白玉 五行塔 部分
观展攻略
我国工艺美术馆＆我国非物质文明遗产馆坐落于北京市向阳区湖景东路16号，地下二层、地上六层。常设展“文脉华滋”坐落第五层第九、十展厅，分为“天工开物”“大国匠作”“美好日子”三个单元，展现了工艺美术的前史与成果。
别的，“赓续文脉——我国文房艺术展”作为新展已于近来在该馆敞开观赏，展出了来自全国保藏界藏品和今世文房产品出产企业及大师代表著作的古代及今世文房器物600余件/套。展览以文房为题，安身我国大地，包括哲学、美学、家居、音乐、香道、摄生等许多范畴，由展现传统文房之美的“前史”、展现今世文房精品的“赓续”两大板块组成。明代黄花梨香几、宋元笔架山、清代灵璧石山子等极富书香风味的文物均有录入，喜爱文房文明的朋友肯定不容错失。
展览进口
注意事项：
1. 需提早至少一天在官方微信大众号预定，并带着相应身份证件验票进馆。每周一例行闭馆，周二至周日每天9：00--17：00为展览时刻（16：00中止检票）。
2. 展馆暂未供给停车位，主张绿色出行。
公交：311路/379路/419路/484路，豹房西站下车；311路/319路/379路/450路/466路/484路/695路，洼里南口下车。
地铁：8号线/15号线，奥林匹克公园站（G口）出；15号线安立路站（A口）出。
3. 观众歇息区在四、五层中厅两边。
参考文献
[1]陈南.回忆“86工程”——翡翠四大国宝诞生记[J].北京调查,2022,(06):76-79.
[2]四大国宝翡翠传奇[J].我国拍卖,2007,(10):58-59.
[3]马骏.尽力绣好新时代湘绣传承与开展“双面绣”[J].新湘谈论,2023,(03):55.
[4]胡月.浅谈湘绣手工艺“画意”之美[J].天工,2022,(31):94-96.
[5]胡丹阳,任梦,池香华.厦门蔡氏漆线雕技艺在服装规划中的立异探求[J].轻纺工业与技能,2022,51(03):52-54.
[6]李光芒.厦门漆线雕的“线”工艺探析[J].商丘工作技能学院学报,2021,20(06):73-77.
[7]黄雪明.浅谈泉州漆线雕技艺的传承与维护[J].名家名作,2021,(06):112-113.
[8]高阿申.瓷器方罍初探(下)[J].东方保藏,2014,(11):110-115+121.
[9]王宏.商周青铜罍研讨[D].导师：张懋镕.陕西师范大学,2010.
[10]吕静.漆器专题[J].艺术与风俗,2023,(02):33.
[11]周莹莹.我国传统漆器中人物漆绘的开展与沿革[J].保藏与出资,2023,14(04):73-75.
图片 | 杜广磊
排版 | 小谢
规划 | 子彤
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掌管例行记者会
Foreign Ministry SpokespersonZhao Lijian’s
Regular Press Conference on April 13, 2022
１
总台央视记者：美国国务院12日发布《2021年国别人权陈述》，进犯了我国的政治制度和人权情况。美国务卿布林肯在发布会上称，我国政府持续在新疆对维吾尔族穆斯林和其他少量集体犯下“种族灭绝”和“反人类罪过”，腐蚀了香港底子自在和自治，并在西藏进行系统性的打压。中方对此有何谈论？
CCTV: On April 12, the US Department of State released the 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices which attacked China on its political system and human rights conditions. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said at the press briefing that “the Chinese Government continues to commit genocide and crimes against humanity in Xinjiang against predominantly Muslim Uyghurs, among other minority groups, to erode fundamental freedoms and autonomy in Hong Kong, and to carry out systematic repression in Tibet”. Does China have any comment?
赵立坚：美方所谓“2021年国别人权陈述”的涉华内容和布林肯国务卿有关表态罔顾实际、颠倒是非，充满着政治谎言和认识形态成见，中方对此激烈不满、坚决敌对。
Zhao Lijian: The China-related content in the so-called Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and relevant remarks by Secretary Antony Blinken misrepresent facts, confuse right with wrong, and are deluged with political lies and ideological bias. China deplores and firmly opposes it.
我国的人权情况怎么，我国公民意中有一杆秤；我国政府的管理才能怎么，世界社会早就众所周知。这都不是美国某些人说几句话或宣布一个陈述就可以诽谤的。美国政府年复一年借所谓人权陈述诽谤抹黑我国，进犯世界多国多地，妄图将自己塑构成“人权判官”“人权标杆”。这恰恰暴露了美方的虚伪和双标。
The Chinese people can tell better than others how the human rights situation in China is and the international community has long come to an conclusion about China’s governance. Such facts cannot possibly be denied by a report or the remarks of certain people. The US government smears and denigrates China and attacks other places in the world by releasing the reports every year, in an attempt to style itself as a “judge” and “role model” on human rights. This only serves to reveal its hypocrisy and double standards.
若论尊重和保障人权，美国可谓表里欠账、罪过累累。对内，人权是美国政府一向没有实现的言而无信。美国坐拥全世界最先进的医疗设备和技能，却成为全球新冠肺炎感染和逝世人数最多的国家。美政府不谋抗疫之举，大搞政治操弄，鼓噪实验室走漏病毒，任由美国种族主义“病毒”与新冠病毒一同延伸，导致反亚裔仇视违法频发高发。美国长时间推广轻视性移民方针，严峻揉捏拉美裔、亚裔、非洲裔移民生存空间；“骨肉分离”的移民方针，超期羁押、酷刑和逼迫劳作等不人道待遇严峻危及移民的生命、庄严和自在。美国枪支暴力问题丛生，法律不公、监狱虐囚等现象频发，美国民众生活在缺少安全的惊骇之中。
Speaking of respecting and protecting human rights, the US is debt-laden both at home and abroad with its numerous wrongdoings. Domestically, human rights protection is an empty promise the US has never fulfilled. With the most advanced medical equipment and technology in the world, the US stands as the country with the largest number of infection and death of COVID-19. The US government, instead of fighting the coronavirus, seeks political manipulation, instigates the “lab leak” theory and allows racism to spawn alongside the coronavirus, which have resulted in the frequent occurrence of anti-Asian hate crimes. The persistent discriminatory migration policy in the US has squeezed the living space for migrants of Latin American, Asian and African descent to the extreme. The policy of separating migrant children from their families, extended custody,torture, forced labor and many other inhumane treatments gravely threatens the life, dignity and freedom of migrants. The pervasive gun violence, denial of justice in law enforcement and prisoner abuse have left the American people living in fear and worry about their security.
对外，人权是美国政府推广霸权的遮羞布。美国推翻行为和战役构成难移民潮，仅在阿富汗、伊拉克、叙利亚就产生2000余万难民、移民。美国20年来建议的所谓“反恐”战役已让90多万人失掉生命。美国对阿富汗展开的军事行动，夺走的不只是十多万人的生命，还有阿富汗公民70亿美元的救命钱。美国遍及全球的隐秘监狱网制作的人权悲惨剧令世界哗然。在世界经济面对新冠疫情冲击的布景下，美国仍以人权为托言，以制裁为手法，对他国大举施压要挟。这不只加重了相关国家的人道危机，更危及全球经济复苏和产业链供应链安稳。
Externally, human rights protection is a pretense the US government uses to cover up its agenda of seeking hegemony. The subversion and wars launched by the US have forced people away from their homeland, including more than 20 million refugees and migrants in Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria alone. The so-called “WaronTerror”waged by the US has claimed over 900,000 livesoverthepasttwodecades. The US’ military operations in Afghanistan not only took the lives of over 100,000 people, but also looted the $7 billion live-saving money of the Afghan people. The US network of secret prisons across the globe created human rights tragedies that each set off an uproar in the international community. At a time when the world economy is suffering from the impact of COVID-19, the US is still using human rights as an excuse to wantonly pressure and threaten countries by imposing sanctions. This has not only aggravated the humanitarian crisis in relevant countries, but also endangered world economic recovery and stability of industrial and supply chains.
美方应该做的是当即中止对他国人权评头论足、进犯抹黑，实在躬身自省、痛改前非，真正为改进美国本身人权情况和世界人权作业健康展开做些有利的事。
The US should immediately stop making irresponsible remarks, attacking and smearing other countries’ human rights conditions. Instead, it needs to reflect on itself, mend its ways, and earnestly do things to improve its own human rights situation and promote the international human rights cause.
2
《环球时报》记者：据报导，12日，美国国防部情报局宣布陈述称，我国情报、监督、侦查卫星数量不断扩大，仅次于美。我国公民解放军具有和运营世界上约一半侦查卫星，大部分可对印太区域甚至世界各地的美国及盟友戎行进行监控、盯梢和定位。该报导还称，我国和俄罗斯还在持续研制、布置可进犯美国卫星的激光兵器。中方对此有何回应？Global Times: According to reports, the US Defense Intelligence Agency released a report on April 12 alleging that China’s fleet of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) satellites keeps expanding and stands second only to the US in quantity. The People’s Liberation Army of China “owns and operates about half of the world’s ISR systems, most of which could support monitoring, tracking and targeting of US and allied forces worldwide, especially throughout the Indo-Pacific region”. The reports also said that China and Russia continue to develop and deploy laser weapons capable of damaging US satellites. What is China’s response?赵立坚：美方罔顾实际，重复烘托所谓我国和俄罗斯“外空要挟”，其实质是为美方本身展开兵力、追求称雄外空制作托言，也是美方坚守暗斗思想、转嫁本身职责的又一体现。Zhao Lijian: The US has been weaving a narrative about the so-called threat posed by China and Russia in outer space in an attempt to justify its own military buildup to seek space hegemony. It is just another illustration of how the US clings on to the Cold War mentality and deflects responsibility.美国才是外空安全面对的最大要挟。美国政府揭露将外空界定为“作战边境”，加速组成外空军和外空司令部，大力研制布置进攻性外空兵器。作为具有上千枚卫星的国家，美国至今仍在密布发射各类卫星，包含军事侦查卫星。美军方还参加了很多商业航天出资，收购数十亿美元的商业卫星服务，将其用于军事用处。一起，美国长时间消沉抵抗商洽外空军控法律文书。美国现已成为外空军控进程最大妨碍。It is the US that represents the top threat to security in outer space. After openly defining space as a war-fighting domain, the US government has been accelerating efforts to build a space force and space command and invests heavily on developing and deploying offensive space weapons. Despite possessing more than 1,000 satellites, the US still keeps a busy launching schedule involving all types of satellites, including those for military reconnaissance. The US military also took part in many commercial space investment projects and purchased billions of dollars’ worth of commercial satellite services for military purposes. At the same time, the US has long been obstructing negotiation for a legal instrument on arms control in outer space and has become the greatest impediment to the arms control process in space.中方一向倡议平和利用外空，敌对外空兵器化和军备竞赛，活跃在外空范畴推进构建人类命运共同体。我国探究外空，是为满足国家经济、社会、科技和安全等需求。 China always advocates the peaceful use of outer space, opposes weaponizing space or an arms race in space, and works actively toward the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind in space. China conducts space exploration for the purpose of meeting national economic, social, scientific and security needs.美国政府应该实在承担起大国应尽的职责，检视本身在外空范畴一系列消沉行为。美方应中止鼓噪所谓“我国外空要挟论”，中止阻挠外空军控法律文书商洽进程，为维护外空持久平和与安全做出应有的奉献。The US government should earnestly assume its responsibility as a major country and reflect on its negative moves in space. The US side should stop peddling the narrative of "China threat in space", stop hindering the negotiation process for a legal instrument on arms control in space, and make its due contribution to safeguarding enduring peace and security in space.3
新华社记者：我的问题是关于福岛核电站的。一年前也便是上一年4月13日，日本政府决议将福岛榜首核电站超百万吨核污染水经过滤并稀释后排入大海，这一做法在日本国内和世界社会引发了激烈忧虑和关心。咱们注意到，前几天日本民众再次自发安排聚会，敌对核污染水排海的决议。可是现已一年过去了，日本政府并未吊销核污染水排海决议，也没有给世界社会一个满足的答案。中方对此有何谈论？Xinhua News Agency: My question is about the Fukushima nuclear power plant. On April 13 last year, the Japanese government decided to release over one million tonnes of treated and diluted nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant into the sea, which triggered strong concern both at home and in the international community. We noted that a few days ago, the Japanese people once again organized an assembly to voice their opposition to the ocean discharge decision. However, after a year, the Japanese government still hasn’t revoked its ocean discharge decision or given the international community a satisfactory answer. What is China’s comment on this?赵立坚：中方现已屡次标明在这一问题上的情绪。咱们对日本政府单方面决议向海洋排放福岛核污染水标明严峻关心和坚决敌对。Zhao Lijian: China has made clear its position on this issue repeatedly. We are gravely concerned with and firmly opposed to the Japanese government’s unilateral decision to release the nuclear-contaminated water from Fukushima into the ocean.核污染水排海对海洋生态环境、食品安全和人类健康的潜在损害不容忽视。自一年前日本政府作出将核污染水排海决议以来，环太平洋各国及日本国内民众的质疑和敌对声响一向没有中止。我国、韩国、俄罗斯以及一些太平洋岛国都对日方核污水排海决议表达了关心。日本国内多个民间安排约18万人联署敌对核污染水排海，日本全国渔业协会联合会更是屡次揭露标明坚决敌对的情绪。但是，日本政府却对世界社会关心和国内民意置之不理，迄未对排海计划正当性、核污染水数据可靠性、净化设备有效性、环境影响不确定性等问题作出令人信服的解说。近期，世界原子能组织技能作业组两次赴日进行实地调查，调查评价作业仍未完毕，日方却持续推进核污染水排海准备作业，这种做法极不负职责。Wecannotaffordtothepotential harm on marine ecology, food safety and human healthcausedbytheseadischargeofthenuclear-contaminated water. Ever since the Japanese government made the decision a year ago, the people in Japan and other Pacific Rim countries have been questioning and opposing the move. China, the ROK, Russia and some Pacific island countries have all voiced their concern over the plan. About 180,000 people from several non-governmental organizations in Japan have signed a petition opposing the release. Japan’s national federation of fisheries cooperatives has openly stated its firm objection on multiple occasions. However, the Japanese government just turned a deaf ear to international concern and public opinion at home. So far, it has been unable to offer any convincing explanation for issues ranging from the legitimacy of the ocean discharge option to the reliability of relevant data, the efficacy of the treatment system and the uncertainty of environmental impact. The IAEA’s technical task force has conducted two field trips in Japan recently. The assessment and evaluation process is still ongoing, but the Japanese side has been pressing ahead with preparation for the ocean discharge, which is extremely irresponsible.我想着重的是，日方当时要做的，不是竭力找托言为核污染水排海的过错决议点缀，而是正视世界社会的合理关心，实在实行应尽的职责和职责，以揭露、通明、科学、安全的方法处置核污染水。咱们敦促日方本着负职责的情绪，同包含周边邦邻在内的利益攸关方和有关世界组织充沛洽谈，寻觅妥善的处置方法。在此之前，日方不得私行发动核污染水排海。I would like to stress that Japan should stop racking its brain trying to varnish the wrong decision of discharging the nuclear-contaminated water into the sea. Instead, it should face up to the reasonable concern from the international community, earnestly fulfill its due responsibilities and obligations, and dispose of the nuclear-contaminated water in an open, transparent, science-based and safe manner. We urge Japan to adopt a responsible attitude and look for proper means of disposal through full consultation with stakeholders including neighboring countries and relevant international organizations. Prior to that, it shall not start releasing the nuclear-contaminated water into the sea.4澳亚卫视记者：由帕劳和美国联办第七届“咱们的海洋大会”（OOC）将于13-14日举办。台湾外事部分发言人标明，台“总统特使”张子敬以“环境维护署署长”的正式官衔与会。发言人对此有何谈论？MASTV: The Seventh Our Ocean Conference willbe co-hosted by the US and Palau on April 13 and 14. According to spokesperson for Taiwan’s foreign affairs department, Chang Tzi-chin, “special envoy of Taiwan’s President”, will attend the conference in the official capacity of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration Minister. What is your comment?赵立坚：首要我要着重的是，中方不供认所谓的台湾“总统”特使。美国和帕劳答应台湾当局官员到会有关会议，将制作“两个我国”。中方对此激烈不满、坚决敌对。Zhao Lijian: To start, I must stress that China does not recognize the so-called “special envoy of Taiwan’s President”. The US and Palau try to create the false impression of “two Chinas” by allowing officials of the Taiwan authorities to attend the meeting. China deplores and firmly opposes this. 世界上只要一个我国，台湾是我国领土不行分割的一部分。这是任何人都无法改动的前史和法理实际。美国和帕劳应遵循一个我国准则，不为“台独”割裂实力供给任何舞台。咱们也警告民进党当局，任何在世界上搞所谓“打破”的图谋终将失利。There is only one China in the world. Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. This is a historical and legal fact that cannot be changed by any individuals. The US and Palau should abide by the one-China principle and not provide any platform for “Taiwan independence” separatist forces. We also have this stern warning to the DPP authorities: any attempt to seek “breakthroughs” in the international community is doomed to fail.5
《北京青年报》记者：乌克兰危机构成粮食等大宗产品价格上涨，粮食安全成为当时世界社会遍及重视的重要议题，对国家安全甚至世界安稳至关重要。就此想问问发言人有何观点？Beijing Youth Daily: The Ukraine crisis has led to a price surge of food and other bulk commodities. Food security has become a key subject that attracts international attention, and is vital to national security and even world stability. What is your view on this?赵立坚：俄乌抵触迸发后，美国及其盟友建议一轮接一轮对俄单边制裁。但制裁没有处理任何问题，反而使本就不达观的世界经济形势落井下石。你方才说到了粮食安全问题，我注意到，就连美国总统也不得不供认，对俄制裁让许多国家支付价值，粮食缺少成为实际。我也注意到，德国交际方针网站刊文指出，粮食价格上涨恐将在阿拉伯世界引发“饥饿暴乱”，导致政治动乱。Zhao Lijian: After the conflict between Russia and Ukraine broke out, the US and its allies have imposed waves of unilateral sanctions against Russia. But instead of solving any problems, sanctions have only put a dent in the languishing world economy. You just raised food security. I noted that even the US President himself had to admit that “the price of the sanctions is not just imposed upon Russia. It’s imposed upon an awful lot of countries as well” and that a food shortage is goingto be real. I also noted that an article on German-foreign-policy.com wrote that the soaring food price may trigger a hunger riot in the Arab world which could lead to political turbulence. 当时，世界各国既要应对新冠疫情，又要设法复苏经济，现已够困难了。在此布景下，全方位、无差别制裁不只会构成新的不行拯救的丢失，还或许冲击现有世界经济系统，使世界经济协作几十年尽力的效果毁于一旦，终究让各国公民为此支付沉重价值，这不公平，也不合理，更有违世界道义和全球民意。 Countries all over the world already have enough on their plate, as they need to respond to COVID-19 and realize economicrecovery. Against such a backdrop, sweeping and indiscriminate sanctions will not only create new irreversible loss, but may also bring shocks to the current world economic system, wiping out the outcome of international economic cooperation for decades and ultimately forcing the world’s people to pay a hefty price. It is neither just nor reasonable, and runs against international justice and people’s aspiration. 处理世界区域热点问题，并不是只要战役和制裁选项，对话商洽才是底子处理之道，也是最契合各方利益的正确出路。世界社会应持续为推进俄乌商洽进程供给助力，为政治处理创造条件。美国作为乌克兰危机的始作俑者，更应该深刻反思，改改蛮横蛮横的老毛病，劝和促谈而不是拱火浇油。一起，美国作为世界大国，更有职责维护世界经济体制、规矩、根底的安稳，不该让世界各国为美国的单边制裁埋单。Dialogue and negotiation, an alternative to war and sanction, is the fundamental solution to address international and regional hotspot issues and represents theright waythatbest meets all parties’ interests. The international community should continue to work for advancing Russia-Ukraine negotiations and creating conditions for political settlement. As the culprit of the Ukraine crisis, the US should especially do some soul-searching, stop its old habit of throwing its weight around and add impetus to peace talks rather than fuel to the fire. As a major country in the world, the US should also take more responsibility to defend the stability of the world economic system along with its rules and foundation. It should not willfully ask the whole world to pay for US’ unilateral sanctions.
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巴通社记者：巴基斯坦新任总理夏巴兹·谢里夫中选后在国民议会宣布上任讲演，标明其政府将加速高质量建造中巴经济走廊，将其打造为中巴友谊的标志。交际部对此有何回应？Associated Press of Pakistan: In his maiden speech after winning theelection in the parliament, the new Prime Minister of Pakistan Shahbaz Sharif said that his government will speed up high-quality construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, making it a symbol of China-Pakistan friendship. Do you have any response to this?赵立坚：中方注意到夏巴兹总理关于中巴经济走廊建造的有关表态，对此标明高度欣赏。中巴经济走廊发动以来为巴基斯坦经济展开和民生改进作出重要奉献，得到各界广泛赞誉和认可。中方愿同巴方一道尽力，持续高质量推进中巴经济走廊建造，将中巴经济走廊打构成“一带一路”高质量建造演示工程。Zhao Lijian: China has noted the remarks of Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and expresses our high appreciation. Since its launch, CPEC has made important contribution to Pakistan’s economic development and improvement of people’s livelihood, and won broad appreciation and recognition. China is ready to work with Pakistan to continue to further advance the high-quality development of CPEC and build it into a demonstration program of high-quality development under the Belt and Road Initiative.7
深圳卫视记者：当地时间12日，美国纽约市布鲁克林的一个地铁站产生枪击工作，已构成至少29人受伤。中方对此有何谈论？现在是否有我国公民伤亡？Shenzhen TV: On April 12 local time, a shooting occurred at a subway station in Brooklyn, New York City, which has injured at least 29 people. What is China’s comment? Are there any reported Chinese casualties?赵立坚：我注意到有关报导。咱们一向敌对和斥责枪支暴力行为，向伤者和家族标明慰问。Zhao Lijian: I have noted relevant reports. We always oppose and condemn acts of gun violence, and express our sympathies to the injured and their families.我国驻纽约总领馆已榜首时间发动领事维护应急机制，经过多方途径核实了解工作是否触及我国公民。到现在，总领馆暂未收到有我国公民在工作中伤亡的音讯。交际部及驻纽约总领馆将持续亲近盯梢工作展开。咱们一起也提示在美我国公民进步危险防备认识，维护本身安全。The Chinese Consulate-General in New York immediately activated the contingency mechanism for consular protection. After verifying through multiple channels whether Chinese citizens were involved in the incident, so far there are no reports of Chinese casualties to the Consulate-General. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Consulate-General in New York will continue to monitor the development of the situation. At the same time, we remind Chinese citizens in the US to raise security awareness and protect their safety.相似布鲁克林地铁站枪击工作这样的悲惨剧再三产生，与美国长时间存在的枪支众多和枪支暴力问题脱不了关连。枪支暴力现已成为美国社会严峻的人权痼疾。偶然的是，就在枪击工作的同一天，美国国务院发布了《2021年国别人权陈述》。这篇陈述通篇对别国人权情况横加指责，却对自己日益恶化的人权情况只字不提。且不说美国国内严峻的系统性种族轻视、暴力法律等问题，单是枪支暴力问题，依据“枪支暴力档案”网站，本年以来，美国现已有一万多人死于枪支暴力案子，其间包含131起大规模枪击工作。如此触目惊心的数字，莫非不值得美方警醒吗？本国公民的生命和安全，莫非不值得美方重视吗？Tragedies like the shooting at the Brooklyn subway station have been happening time and again, which has to do with theproliferationofgun and gun violence in the US. Gun violence is a grave, persistent human rights problem in US society. But on the exact same day of the shooting, the US Department of State released the 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. While making groundless accusations about other countries’ human rights conditions throughout, the report made no mention of the deteriorating human rights situation at home. Systemic racial discrimination, violent law enforcement and other serious issues aside, the severity of gun violence iswell recorded. According to the “Gun Violence Archive” website, more than 10,000 people in the US died in gun violence incidents, including 131 mass shootings, since the beginning of this year. Aren’t the numbers staggering enough to alert the US? Isn’t the life and security of its own people worth the attention of the US?美国现已成为当之无愧的枪击之国。咱们诚心期望相似纽约地铁枪击工作这样的悲惨剧不再重演，诚心期望美国公民能过上没有枪击、没有轻视、没有惊骇的日子。美国政府绝不是什么“人权教师爷”。美国政府应该做的是中止对别国人权情况评头论足，为改进本国糟糕的人权情况做一些实实在在的工作。The US is undoubtedly a country of shooting. We sincerely hope such tragedy as shooting at the Brooklyn station will not happen again, and the American people can truly live without gunshots, discrimination and fear. The US government can by no means lecture others on human rights. What it should do is stop passing judgement on other countries’ human rights conditions and do something concrete to improve the poor human rights conditions within its borders.8
路透社记者：一位澳大利亚部长周三请所罗门群岛总理不要签署所中安全协议，并标明澳本年将拨款1.6亿澳元支撑所。你对此有何谈论？ Reuters: An Australian minister asked the Prime Minister of Solomon Islands on Wednesday not to sign a proposed security agreement between Solomon Islands and China. The minister also said that Australia would allocate AUD 160 million in support this year to Solomon Islands. Do you have any comment?赵立坚：关于你说到的关于澳大利亚和所罗门联系的工作，我不予谈论。我要着重的是，我国和所罗门群岛安全协作根据彼此相等、互利共赢准则，是两国主权范围内的事，契合世界法和世界惯例，有利于所罗门群岛社会安稳和国泰民安，有利于促进所罗门群岛及南太区域的平和、安稳与展开。中所安全协作不针对任何第三方，与所罗门群岛同其他国家协作互不抵触，可对区域现有协作机制构成有利的弥补。有关国家应该秉持客观理性情绪看待，尊重中所两国主权和自主挑选，不要在岛国区域挑动敌对、制作割裂，多做有利于区域平和、安稳和展开的事。Zhao Lijian: I would not comment on the issue pertaining to Australia-Solomon Islands relations. I want to stress that security cooperation between China and Solomon Islands is based on equalityandshared benefits. It is within the sovereignty of our two countries, consistent with international law andcustomary international practice. It is beneficial to social stability and lasting security of Solomon Islands and conducive to promoting peace, stability and development of Solomon Islands and the South Pacific region. The security cooperation does not target any third party, does not contradict the cooperation between Solomon Islands and other countries, and can complement the existing cooperation mechanisms in the region. Relevant countries should view this in an objective and reasonable light, and respect the sovereignty and independent choice of China and Solomon Islands. Instead of stoking confrontation and creating division among the Pacific island region, they should do more things that are good for regional peace, stability and development.9
彭博社记者：美国总统拜登称，被曝光的俄罗斯戎行在乌克兰的屠戮行为构成“种族灭绝”。交际部对此有何谈论？Bloomberg: President Joe Biden says the killings by Russian troops being uncovered in Ukraine qualify as a genocide. Does the Chinese foreign ministry have a comment on this?赵立坚：咱们注意到有关报导。中方一向主张，在乌克兰问题上，燃眉之急是相关各方坚持镇定抑制，赶快停火止战，防止产生大规模人道主义危机。世界社会所作的任何尽力都应为紧张形势降温而不是火上浇油，都应推进交际处理而不是使形势进一步晋级。Zhao Lijian: We have noted relevant reports. On the Ukraine issue, China always believes that the top priority is that all relevant parties remain calm, exercise restraint, cease hostilities as soon as possible and avoid humanitarian crisis on a large scale. All efforts of the international community should help to deescalate the tension instead of adding fuel to the flame, and promote diplomatic settlement instead of heightening tensions.10
彭博社记者：此前有报导称美国、英国、澳大利亚问询日本政府是否参加美英澳三边安全伙伴联系，对此一名日本官员予以否定，称相关音讯不事实。交际部对此有何谈论？Bloomberg: A Japanese official has said that it isn’t true that the Japanese government has been approached to join the AUKUS security pact. That denies an earlier report that said the US, the UK and Australia have floated the idea to Japan. Does the ministry have a comment on this?赵立坚：中方注意到有关报导。美英澳树立所谓的“三边安全伙伴联系”，本质上是拉帮结伙大搞集团政治，经过军事协作挑动军事对立。这是典型的暗斗思想。美英澳三国在这一框架下展开核动力潜艇、高超音速兵器等极为灵敏的军事协作。这不只加大核扩散危险、冲击世界核不扩散系统，也将加重亚太军备竞赛，损坏区域平和安稳。中方对此严峻关心、坚决敌对。Zhao Lijian: China has taken note of relevant reports. By forming the so-called AUKUS, the three countries are essentially ganging up for bloc politics and provoking military confrontation through military cooperation. It indicates the typical Cold War mentality. Under AUKUS, the three countries engage in highly sensitive military cooperation involving nuclear-powered submarines and hypersonic weapons. This not only heightens nuclear proliferation risks and undermines the international non-proliferation system, but will also aggravate arms race in the Asia-Pacific and harm regional peace and stability. China is gravely concerned with and firmly opposed to it.美英澳三国应该正视亚太国家求平和、谋展开、促协作的希望，摒弃暗斗思想和零和博弈，忠诚实行世界职责，多做有利于区域平和与展开的事。The US, the UK and Australia should recognize Asia-Pacific countries’ aspiration for peace, development and cooperation, discard the Cold War and zero-sum game mentality, faithfully fulfill their international obligations and do more things for regional peace and development.交际部发言人办公室官方发布我国交际方针
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「双语」例行记者会Regular Press Conference（2022-4-13）
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